I am going to be discussing Johnny Horton’s Sink the Bismarck today. Johnny Horton was a honky-tonk country singer in the ‘50s and ‘60s. I love his music… so many great songs. If you’ve never heard of Johnny Horton, and there is a good chance you haven’t, search for him in your music player of choice. Just listen to his Greatest Hits. He sang a lot of historical songs.

Horton was born John LaGale Horton in Los Angeles in 1925 but grew up in east Texas. After graduating high school in 1944, Horton went to three different colleges but graduated from none. Interestingly he briefly played basketball for Baylor University.

Horton moved back to California after college and was married to his first wife, Donna Cook. Horton had some seemingly random jobs including going to Alaska to search for gold. It was during the gold searching that he started writing songs. When he returned to California he guest hosted on a radio and television show in Pasadena. He got his own show and performed as The Singing Fisherman. This was 1952 and Horton would come to an untimely demise only eight years later but in that eight years Horton would record some of the most iconic country songs of all time.

On November 4th, into the 5th of 1960, Horton and two other band members, Tommy Tomlinson and Tillman Franks, were traveling from the Skyline Club in Austin, Texas, to Shreveport Louisiana when they collided with an oncoming truck on a bridge near Milano, Texas. Horton died on the way to the hospital. Tomlinson was seriously injured and had to have his leg amputated later. Franks suffered head injuries, and James Davis, the truck driver, had a broken ankle and other minor injuries. The funeral was held in Shreveport Louisiana, Johnny Cash did a reading, he chose chapter 20 from the Book of John.

Just prior to his death in November of 1960, Horton released the song we are going to talk about today, Sink the Bismarck. It was originally styled Bismark spelled b i s m a r k and later switched to the correct spelling of b i s m a r c k. Sink the Bismarck reached number three on the charts. The song was inspired by the 1960 war movie Sink the Bismarck and, of course, the actual German battleship of its name.

Two Bismarck class battleships were designed in the mid-30s. The Germans had to sort of lie about how big the ships were based on the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1922 that imposed strict limitations on the size of ships. The ships secretly exceeded the limitations by a wide margin. The displacement limit was 35,000 long tons and the the Bismarck, fully loaded, eventually had a displacement of 49,500 long tons. The long ton is 2,240 pounds. The Bismarck had an overall length of 823 feet 6 inches and was 118 feet 1 inch wide at its widest. The Bismarck class battleship was Germany’s largest warship and displaced more than any other European battleship. In 1939 when she was commissioned Hitler said the following:

“As Fuhrer of the German Volk and Chancellor of this Reich, I cannot conceive of a better name to give this ship than the name of this man who, as a fearless valiant knight created this German Reich, whose restoration from bitter despair and whose miraculous growth Providence has bestowed on us.”

“German construction workers, engineers, and dock workers have created the enormous hull of this proud giant which will ride the waves! May the German soldiers and officers, who will have the honor to command this ship one day, prove themselves worthy of the name! May the spirit of the Iron Chancellor suffuse them, may it accompany them in their actions during many sorties in times of peace! Should it be necessary, may his example inspiringly remind and precede them, may it illuminate the hours of hardest fulfilment of their duty! It is with this fervent wish that the German Volk greets its new battleship, the Bismarck!”

Work was completed on the Bismarck in August of 1940. The Bismarck only lasted from August of 1940 until May of 1941, 10 months total.

In May of 1941 the war had just begun The Germans had the biggest ship that had the biggest guns The Bismarck was the fastest ship that ever sailed the sea On her decks were guns as big as steers and shells as big as trees

World War 2 actually started in 1939 but Horton is taking some poetic license here as he does a lot in this song. The Bismarck was powered by three Blohm & Voss geared steam turbines which produced over 148 thousand shaft horse power and yielded a maximum of 30.01 knots, or 34.5 miles per hour. The Bismarck had a cruising range of 8,870 nautical miles, or 10,210 miles at 19 knots (about 22 miles per hour). She had a crew of over 2,200 men. She was armed with eight 15” guns in four twin gun turrets. She also had a secondary armament of 12 5.9” guns, 16 4.1” guns, and 12 .79” anti-aircraft guns. She even carried four Arado Ar 196 reconnaissance floatplanes that could be catapulted from the deck. Horton overstates the Bismarck’s accomplishments but it was the most feared ship at the time. There were smaller, faster ships but none as big as the Bismarck that were that fast. Other ships had bigger guns, some up to 18” in diameter, more poetic license. This leads us to the short career of the Bismarck.

Out of the cold and foggy night came the British ship the Hood And every British seaman, he knew and understood They had to sink the Bismarck the terror of the sea Stop those guns as big as steers and those shells as big as trees

We’ll find the German battleship that’s makin’ such a fuss We gotta sink the Bismarck ‘cause the world depends on us Yeah hit the decks a runnin’ boys and spin those guns around When we find the Bismarck we gotta cut her down

At 05:45 on May 24, 1941, the pride of the Royal Navy, the huge battlecruiser HMS Hood, met up with the Bismarck in the Denmark Strait.

The Hood found the Bismarck and on that fatal day The Bismarck started firing fifteen miles away “We gotta sink the Bismarck!” was the battle sound But when the smoke had cleared away, the mighty Hood went down

The HMS Hood and the HMS Prince of Wales engaged the Bismarck and the Prinz Eugen at 05:52. The Hood opened fire at 28,000 yards and the Prince of Wales a minute later. The Hood thought the Prinz Eugen was the Bismarck. The British ships came at the German ships head on which allowed the German ships to use both front and rear guns while the British could only use their front turrets. Within eight minutes of firing the Bismarck hit the Hood’s rear ammunition magazine and detonated 110 long tons of cordite propellant. The massive explosion broke the the back of the ship between the main mast and the rear funnel. The forward section of continued to move forward briefly before sinking. Only 3 of the 1,419 men of the Hood survived. The Bismarck then started firing on the Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales scored a couple of hits on the Bismarck but one of the Bismarck’s shells hit the bridge of the Prince of Wales killing everyone in the command center except the Captain and one other. Eventually the Prince of Wales retreating because the ship only had five operating guns and the ship had sustained significant damage. The Bismarck fired 93 armor-piercing shells and had been hit by three shells. The flooding from the hits caused a small list but otherwise the Bismarck was fine.

For six long days and weary nights they tried to find her trail Churchill told the people: “put every ship asail Cause somewhere on that ocean, I know she’s gotta be We gotta sink the Bismarck to the bottom of the sea!”

Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered all warships in the area to join pursuit of the Bismarck and the Prinz Eugen. In all, six battleships and battle cruisers, two aircraft carriers, thirteen cruisers, and twenty-one destroyers were committed to chasing down the two ships. The Prince of Wales fixed 9 of her 10 main guns and was put in the front of the formation to attack if the opportunity afforded itself and the opportunity did afford itself on May 26th.

The fog was gone the seventh day and they saw the morning sun Ten hours away from homeland the Bismarck made its run The Admiral of the British fleet said turn those bows around We found that German battleship and we’re gonna cut her down

The British guns were aimed and the shells were coming fast The first shell hit the Bismarck they knew she couldn’t last That mighty German battleship is just a memory “Sink the Bismarck!” was the battle cry that shook the seven seas

The naval battle lasted from 22:38 on May 26th until 10:35 on May 27th when the Bismarck sank. Overall the British ships fired more than 2,800 shells at the Bismarck, and scored more than 400 hits, but were unable to sink the Bismarck by gunfire. The heavy gunfire at virtually point-blank range devastated the superstructure and the sections of the hull that were above the waterline, causing very heavy casualties, but it contributed little to the eventual sinking of the ship. Out of a crew of over 2,200 men, only 114 survived.

We found that German battleship was makin’ such a fuss We had to sink the Bismark cause the world depends on us We hit the decks a-runnin’ and we spun those guns around We found the mighty Bismark and then we cut her down

The wreck of the Bismarck was discovered on June 8, 1989 by Dr. Robert Ballard. The ship was found basically sitting up correctly on the bottom of the ocean. No shells had penetrated the ships hull underwater. The Bismarck would’ve eventually been sunk by the British but it was found that the Germans scuttled the ship so the British didn’t capture it and get its secrets.

This is one of the songs that really made me want to do a podcast. This song lead me down so many rabbit holes when I was a kid. Horton, as I stated before, had many songs like this and I’m sure he will show up again. I’m also pretty sure we will be talking about powdering some alligators behinds when he does show up.

Today I am writing about another one of my favorite songs, Holiday in Cambodia written by Jello Biafra of The Dead Kennedys.

Jello Biafra was born Eric Reed Boucher in 1958 in Boulder, Colorado, which may explain a lot about the future Biafra. His mom was a librarian and his dad a psychiatric social worker. Even as a child he was interested in international politics. He watched the news constantly and one of his earliest memories is of John F. Kennedy being assassinated in 1963.

By 1977 he had become a roadie for a punk band named The Ravers. In 1978 he responded to an advertisement by a guitarist named East Bay Ray that stated, “Guitarist wants to form punk band”. East Bay Ray and Biafra formed The Dead Kennedys. He started using the stage name Occupant but soon switched to a combination of the brand name Jell-O and the short-lived African state Biafra.

Biafra, the African state, was officially called the Republic of Biafra and was a secessionist state in West Africa that existed from 1967 to 1970 during the Nigerian Civil War. Biafra mostly consisted of the homeland of the Igbo peoples. After two and a half years of war almost 2 million Biafran civilians died from starvation caused by a total blockade of the region by Nigeria. Almost 3/4 of the 2 million civilians that died were small children. Biafra surrendered in 1970 and became a part of Nigeria again.

Back to Jello Biafra… he wrote all the bands lyrics. Since Biafra couldn’t play any instruments very well, their bassist Klaus Flouride suggested that he sing the parts to the band. Biafra would sing the riffs and melodies into a tape recorder and then the band would make the music from that. I haven’t heard of anyone else doing it this way. I’m sure there are but I haven’t heard about it.

The Dead Kennedys first single, California Uber Alles, is an amazing song that I almost wrote about instead of their second single, Holiday in Cambodia, but I chose Holiday in Cambodia because it’s Biafra’s favorite Dead Kennedys song and the story of Cambodia is more interesting to me.

Biafra starts out by singing

So, you’ve been to school for a year or two. And you know you’ve seen it all. In daddy’s car, thinkin’ you’ll go far. Back east, your type don’t crawl.

Biafra is talking about the silver spoon, over-educated, white college students.

He then sings

Play ethnicity jazz to parade your snazz
On your five-grand stereo. Braggin’ that you know how the n*****s feel cold
And the slums got so much soul

Biafra is slamming seemingly well meaning activist, college kids because they think they understand the poor, urban, ethnic groups while they have stereos that cost five-grand. Biafra is known for using over the top language and here he uses “the” racial slur to emphasize the inherent racism in the behavior of the silver spoon, white college students.

And then we move onto what Biafra sings would help these types of people

It’s time to taste what you most fear
Right Guard will not help you here
Brace yourself, my dear
Brace yourself, my dear.

Biafra tells them they should spend some time with the people that they talk about needing help and that takes us to the chorus…

It’s a holiday in Cambodia
It’s tough, kid, but it’s life
It’s a holiday in Cambodia
Don’t forget to pack a wife.

This song has so much stuff in it… Cambodia, at the time Biafra wrote this, was experiencing one of the worst atrocities in history inflicted upon a country’s people. The Communist Party of Kampuchea, CPK, or the Khmer Communist Party was a party led by Pol Pot and its followers were generally known as the Khmer Rouge, which translates to Red Khmers. I will get into the atrocity in a bit but we will continue with the song for now.

Verse 2 gets back to talking to the so-called activists of the time:

You’re a star-belly sneetch, you suck like a leech
You want everyone to act like you
Kiss ass while you bitch so you can get rich
But your boss gets richer off you

This verse and the reference to a star-belly sneetch is brilliant. The Sneetches is a book by Dr. Seuss where some Sneetches have stars on their bellies and some Sneetches do not. The star-belly Sneetches discriminate against the Sneetches that do not have stars. They think they are better than the Sneetches that do not have stars. Sylvester McMonkey McBean comes around and charges the Sneetches without stars $3 to put a star on their belly. Of course this makes the original star-belly Sneetches angry so McBean charges them $10 to take the star off. After going back and forth and giving all of their money to McBean, they eventually realize that Sneetches are Sneetches, none better or worse. Go read The Sneetches by Dr. Seuss if you have not, it’s a good read.

Then Biafra brings back up the Khmer Rouge…

Well, you’ll work harder with a gun in your back
For a bowl of rice a day
Slave for soldiers till you starve. Then your head is skewered on a stake

The Khmer Rouge was mostly made up of poor, uneducated peasants from the country who believed that all people that lived in the city were evil and enemies of communism. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge took control of Cambodia in 1975 and force evacuated everyone from the cities and made them work on farms and in labor camps. People were forced to work 16 hours per day and were only given one bowl a rice. Many, an estimated 1.7 - 2.5 million, peopled died from starvation or being systematically murdered. Approximately 1.3 million of those deaths were from execution. That was roughly one-third of the population of Cambodia.

It’s a holiday in Cambodia
Where people dress in black
A holiday in Cambodia
Where you’ll kiss ass or crack.

The Khmer Rouge regime imposed black unisex clothing in an effort to enforce equality by making people indistinguishable from each other. The last line of the verse is saying that if you didn’t do what you were told you would crack, meaning you would be tortured until you cracked. Biafra uses crack to bring some levity but the actual meaning is not funny. Once again, Biafra being over the top with his lyrics.

Pol Pot, born Salish Sat, was the leader of the Khmer Rouge from 1975 to 1979. In 1979 the Khmer Rouge government was toppled but amazingly enough Pol Pot lived fairly peacefully until 1998. He was put in house arrest in 1998 just before he died. In his last interview he told Nate Thayer that his “conscience is clear” and he said, “I want you to know that everything I did, I did it for my country.” He rejected the idea that millions had died saying, “To say that millions died is too much”, You know, for the other people, the babies, the young ones, I did not order them to be killed. He died of heart failure a little later and was never convicted for any of his crimes against humanity.

Today I am discussing a Son Volt song called Ten Second News off of their first album Trace from 1995, which is my favorite traveling album. It’s the fifth song on this album. Shawna or I will always put it on no matter where we are going if the trip is very long at all.

Here’s the story of how I found Son Volt.

Who remembers Columbia House? Columbia House was, maybe it’s still around, a mail-order music club. They had the deals like get twelve cassettes for one penny. Then every month they would feature one cassette and if you didn’t send back a reply saying you didn’t want it you would get that cassette sent to you in the mail. Well Son Volt was one of those cassettes. I didn’t reply and I got this cassette of a band I had never heard of. I wasn’t a huge fan of the band at the time but they did have songs about Ste. Genevieve, a town on the Mississippi River that I had heard of. They also had a song called Drown on that album that I really did enjoy but I kind of forgot about the album, for the most part, until years later and Shawna and I got into Uncle Tupelo. I found out that Jay Farrar (of Son Volt) was in Uncle Tupelo. I went back and listened to it and fell in love with all the songs and one of those songs was Ten Second News.

Ten Second News is about a ghost town close to Eureka, Missouri, just outside of St. Louis, Missouri.

As a teenager in the mid to late 80s we would sometimes go to Six Flags Over Mid-America, as it was called back then. I think it’s Six Flags - St. Louis now. I loved the Screaming Eagle. It was an old wooden roller coaster that jerked you around a lot but it was so much fun. Six Flags is on interstate 44 in Eureka, Missouri in St. Louis County, just south and west of St. Louis. I44 basically follows the historic Route 66 through Missouri southwest from St. Louis to Joplin. It is evenly numbered interstate with signifies that it runs east-west but it could just as easily be an odd numbered interstate because it runs from the northeast to the southwest. It goes from St. Louis, Missouri to Wichita Falls, Texas.

I can remember traveling there and on the side of the road you would see this ghost town called Times Beach about 15 minutes away from Six Flags. The whole town was still there - houses, shops, gas stations and it was like everyone just ran off. The story I was told back then, as I remember it, was that radon, a radioactive gas, was emanating from the ground and it caused the people to have to leave the area. I don’t think I had any idea what Radon was at the time. I really don’t have any idea now. Come to find out later when I went to research it, that wasn’t what happened at all and the real story is way more interesting. As most real stories are…

Times Beach was founded in 1925 on the flood plain of the Meramec River, probably not the best decision to put a city on a flood plain. The whole town was this crazy promotion by a St. Louis newspaper called the St. Louis-Times, get it Times Beach… You could buy a twenty foot by one hundred foot plot of land for $67.50 and with that you got a six month newspaper subscription. This sounds like getting MAX for six months with your cable subscription. Twenty foot wide doesn’t seem very wide but you did get the newspaper with it so it was probably worth it.

The town was created primarily as a summer resort and even though $67.50 doesn’t sound like much, it would be $1002.64 in todays money, that would be a pretty substantial amount at the time and remember you still had to build the house, and maybe get two plots based on the size. The town quickly became a place for summer houses and a resort of sorts. It was located right on Historic Route 66, Main Street of America so there would’ve been a decent amount of traffic.

Unfortunately the Great Depression of the 30s combined with gasoline rationing during World War II caused Times Beach to be mostly low-income housing. In 1970 when this story takes place the town had a population of 1,240 of mostly lower-middle income families. The St. Louis-Times went out of business in 1951 and the town was not able to fund their infrastructure. Their roads were never paved which lead to a substantial amount of dust.

This leads us to the lyrics of Ten Second News.

The first verse goes like this…

When you find what matters is what you feel
It arrives and it disappears
Driving down sunny 44 highway
There’s a beach there known for cancer
Waiting to happen

And then the third verse goes like this…

And it’s hard enough soaking up billboard signs
You scorch and drown alive, never knowing why
The levee gates are open wide. There’s a cough in the water and it’s running into town

So how did Times Beach become known for cancer? It’s a long story that I’ll try to get through as succinctly as possible.

In the late 1960s, Northeastern Pharmaceutical and Chemical Company (NEPACCO), started a facility in Verona, a town in southwestern Missouri. The company name at the time was Hoffman-Taff, they produced Agent Orange that was used during Vietnam. One of the byproducts of Agent Orange production was a chemical called Dioxin.

In the early 1970s, after the need for Agent Orange was gone, NEPACCO, started making hexachlorophene, an antibacterial used in soap, toothpaste, and other disinfectants. The byproduct of producing hexachlorophene is also Dioxin.

NEPACCO had a problem because the most effective way to destroy Dioxin is to incinerate it which is very expensive. Capitalism prevailed and NEPACCO contracted Independent Petrochemical Corporation, hereby known as IPC, to dispose of the waste dioxin. IPC charged NEPACCO $3,000 per load. IPC subcontracted Russell Bliss to haul it away for $125 per load. Bliss didn’t get paid much compared to what IPC got paid. Bliss also stated that no one told him what was in the drums other than waste oil. He hauled 18,500 gallons to his facility and mixed it with used motor oil that he already had.

Bliss would spray this waste oil on his horse arena and farm to keep dust down. People that visited him noticed how effective it was and soon he was spraying others arenas and farms as well.

In May of 1971, Bliss was paid $150 to spray an indoor arena in Moscow Mills, Missouri. A few days later, birds began to die and horses began to get sores and lose their hair. Bliss was blamed but denied it. He said that all he sprayed was used motor oil and it wouldn’t have had those effects.

A month later Bliss was hired to spray an arena near Jefferson City, Missouri, the capital of Missouri, if you are interested. This time twelve horses died and some children were diagnosed with a skin condition associated with dioxin poisoning.

Bliss was contracted to do another arena and the same kinds of problems arose.

All of this made the Center for Disease Control (CDC) wonder what was happening, In August of that year, they went to the farms and tested human and animal blood samples. Dioxin really wasn’t understood at the time and the CDC didn’t come to conclusive evidence as to what was causing the problems.

Then in 1972, because of all the dirt roads in Times Beach, they needed a way to suppress the dust. Bliss was hired for $2,400. He sprayed ~160,000 gallons of waste oil in Times Beach from 1972 to 1976.

The EPA noticed the issues around Missouri and stepped into the investigation in 1979 and did testing at the old NEPACCO plant. By 1979 they understood what they were looking for. They found very high concentrations of dioxin. In 1982, the EPA, went back to the farms that Bliss had sprayed and found that they still had much more dioxin than was healthy for humans. A leaked EPA document listed 14 contaminated areas and 41 possible contaminated areas. Times Beach was the largest community on this list.

Residents of Times Beach found out about the document and the public pressured the EPA to investigate the town. During the investigation, the town’s entire road network was confirmed to have extremely high concentrations of dioxin.

On December 3rd, 1982, just after the EPA finished its investigation, a flood of Times Beach caused the entire town to be evacuated. On December 23rd, 1982 the CDC recommended that the town could not be inhabited and everyone was told they could not return.

In January of 1983, President Ronald Reagan created the Times Beach Dioxin Task force. They recommended that the government buy the entire town. The US government paid $33 million and Missouri paid $3.7 million.

Times Beach contained fifty percent of the dioxin in Missouri, so an incinerator was built there to incinerate all of the dioxin material from across the state. 265,000 tons of contaminated material was incinerated. The eventual cost of this program was almost $200 million.

For all the destruction of property and money that it cost to clean up there weren’t a lot of lawsuits brought based on liability. In the end there were lots of new laws created to combat these issues from ever happening again.

Afterward, like almost everything, there were scientists and doctors that believed dioxin poisoning wasn’t as bad for humans as originally thought but either way the town was bulldozed over and a state park was created in its place. It’s called the Route 66 State Park and has one building from the original Times Beach still there. It’s now the Parks visitor center.

After many months of trial and error, I have decided the best place for my macOS dock is on the right side of the screen. I originally had it on the left but I started using my 12.9” iPad Pro as a second monitor to my 14” MacBook Pro. I always put the iPad Pro on the left of the MacBook Pro which made the dock on the left side problematic. It made it especially problematic if you auto-hide your dock, which is the right thing to do. Whenever you move the cursor to the left side, the dock would reveal but the cursor would be on the iPad. Actually clicking the dock on the left side in my set up was almost impossible. Moving the dock to the right side fixed that issue. Moving the dock to the bottom would’ve also fixed the issue but with a small the vertical screen of the MacBook, I don’t ever want the dock on the bottom.

Also if you auto-hide your dock on macOS, type the below statement in terminal so it’s faster to hide/reveal. You can mess around with “int” to change speeds but I leave mine at 0.

defaults write com.apple.dock autohide-time-modifier -int 0;killall Dock

My wife and I have been married for 23 years and we’ve always been board gamers. We have a great collection of 100+ games. I’ll link to a few of our favorites here. Descriptions are from BoardGameGeek.

Board Games

Azul
In the game Azul, players take turns drafting colored tiles from suppliers to their player board. Later in the round, players score points based on how they’ve placed their tiles to decorate the palace. Extra points are scored for specific patterns and completing sets; wasted supplies harm the player’s score. The player with the most points at the end of the game wins.

Stone Age
In Stone Age, the players live in this time, just as our ancestors did. They collect wood, break stone and wash their gold from the river. They trade freely, expand their village and so achieve new levels of civilization. With a balance of luck and planning, the players compete for food in this pre-historic time.

King of Tokyo
In King of Tokyo, you play mutant monsters, gigantic robots, and strange aliens—all of whom are destroying Tokyo and whacking each other in order to become the one and only King of Tokyo.

Splendor
Splendor is a game of chip-collecting and card development. Players are merchants of the Renaissance trying to buy gem mines, means of transportation, shops—all in order to acquire the most prestige points. If you’re wealthy enough, you might even receive a visit from a noble at some point, which of course will further increase your prestige.

The Quacks of Quedlinburg
In The Quacks of Quedlinburg, players are charlatans — or quack doctors — each making their own secret brew by adding ingredients one at a time. Take care with what you add, though, for a pinch too much of this or that will spoil the whole mixture!

Machi Koro
Machi Koro is a fast-paced game for 2-4 players. Each player wants to develop the city on their own terms in order to complete all of the landmarks under construction faster than their rivals. On their turn, each player rolls one or two dice. If the sum of the dice rolled matches the number of a building that a player owns, they get the effect of that building; in some cases opponents will also benefit from your dice (just as you can benefit from theirs). Then, with money in hand a player can build a landmark or a new building, ideally adding to the wealth of their city on future turns. The first player to construct all of their landmarks wins!

Sushi Go
Sushi Go! takes the card-drafting mechanism of Fairy Tale and 7 Wonders and distills it into a twenty-minute game that anyone can play. The dynamics of “draft and pass” are brought to the fore, while keeping the rules to a minimum. As you see the first few hands of cards, you must quickly assess the make-up of the round and decide which type of sushi you’ll go for. Then, each turn you’ll need to weigh which cards to keep and which to pass on. The different scoring combinations allow for some clever plays and nasty blocks. Round to round, you must also keep your eye on the goal of having the most pudding cards at the end of the game!

Kingsburg
In Kingsburg, players are Lords sent from the King to administer frontier territories. The game takes place over five years, a total of 20 turns. In every year, there are 3 production seasons for collecting resources, building structures, and training troops. Every fourth turn is the winter, in which all the players must fight an invading army. Each player must face the invaders, so this is not a cooperative game.

7 Wonders
You are the leader of one of the 7 great cities of the Ancient World. Gather resources, develop commercial routes, and affirm your military supremacy. Build your city and erect an architectural wonder which will transcend future times.

Card Games

Wizard
The trick-taking game Wizard uses a sixty-card deck that consists of the traditional 52-card deck (1-13 in four suits) along with four Wizards (high) and four Jesters (low).

Love Letter
Love Letter is a game of risk, deduction, and luck for 2–4 players. Your goal is to get your love letter into Princess Annette’s hands while deflecting the letters from competing suitors. From a deck with only sixteen cards, each player starts with only one card in hand; one card is removed from play. On a turn, you draw one card, and play one card, trying to expose others and knock them from the game. Powerful cards lead to early gains, but make you a target. Rely on weaker cards for too long, however, and your letter may be tossed in the fire!

Tichu
Tichu took much of its rules and mechanics from Zheng Fen. It is a partnership climbing card game, and the object of play is to rid yourself of your hand, preferably while scoring points in the process.

Dutch Blitz
In Dutch Blitz, each player has her own deck of forty cards, with cards 1-10 in four colors; red and blue cards show a Pennsylvania Dutch boy, while yellow and green cards show a Pennsylvania Dutch girl. Each deck has a different symbol on the back to aid with card sorting between rounds.

The Great Dalmuti
A light card game where players gain status by going out first. The 80-card commercial deck contains cards ranked from 12 to 1, along with two Jesters. Each card bears a number, which is not only its rank, but also tells you how many of that card exist in the deck. In other words, there are twelve 12s, eleven 11s, four 4s and a single card ranked 1. The lower the number, the better the rank. The deck is dealt out to all players and the object is to get rid of your cards as fast as possible. The first player out is the Great Dalmuti.

Dominion
In Dominion, each player starts with an identical, very small deck of cards. In the center of the table is a selection of other cards the players can “buy” as they can afford them. Through their selection of cards to buy, and how they play their hands as they draw them, the players construct their deck on the fly, striving for the most efficient path to the precious victory points by game end.